lunes, 8 de abril de 2013

OSTOMÍA


OSTOMÍA:
Se define como la apertura de una víscera al exterior normalmente de la pared abdominal, con el objetivo principal que es la eliminación de residuos, es decir, heces y gases del organismo.

Dichos residuos que son producidos por el cuerpo humano se recogen en un dispositivo denominada bolsa recolectora. Las ostomías son digestivas y urinarias porque lo que se exterioriza es el colon, ilión o uréteres.

Cabe mencionar que la nueva apertura o boca al exterior recibe el nombre de estoma. Las patologías que pueden derivarse en una ostomía son las siguientes; tumores colorrectales, enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales como la colitis ulcesora o la enfermedad de crohn, enfermedades hereditarias, poliposis familiar y accidentes traumatológicos que pueden afectar a la zona rectal y urogenital. Teniendo en cuenta la asociación internacional de ostomizados se describe en una carta los derechos de pacientes portadores de ostomías, con el fin de que ellos tengan una calidad satisfactoria de vida después de la cirugía. Según esta carta el paciente ostomizado tiene el derecho a:

- Recibir información previamente a la cirugía para que el propio paciente comprenda los beneficios de ésta, teniendo en cuenta diversos factores principales como el convivir con estoma.
- Indicar el lugar adecuado del estoma para que le resulte más cómodo al paciente a la hora de llevar el cuidado del estoma.
- Recibir ayuda interdisciplinar como es la medicina, enfermería y psicología, previa y posteriormente a la cirugía en cuanto al cuidado y manejo del estoma.
- Dar información de los cuidados a la familia para que comprenda las condiciones y no se llegue a un desequilibrio psicosocial del paciente.
- Respetar al paciente teniéndose en cuenta la confidencialidad.
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